Cardiology is a branch of medicine deals with disorders of the heart like Coronary artery sickness and coronary failure as well as parts of the circulatory system. Physicians who specialize in the branch of medicine are called cardiologists, Clinical Cardiology is a study of cardiac diseases such as congenital heart diseases, coronary artery disease, heart failure, tube heart condition, cardiovascular heart disease of the heart. The field includes diagnosis and treatment of cardiac diseases like electrophysiology, cardiovascular devices, cardiac regeneration, cardiac medicine, cardiac surgery, and recognition of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is known as a conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease encompass of coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). This usually occurs due to the fatty deposits inside the arteries known as atherosclerosis which leads to increased risk of blood clots. This leads to the damage of arteries in organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys and eyes. Cardiovascular diseases results in high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, smoking and alcohol consumption.
Multimodal imaging or multiplexed imaging refers to the production of signals simultaneously for more than one image technique. For example, one could combine using optical, magnetic and radioactive reporters to be recognise by SPECT, MRI and PET. The multimodal or multiplexed imaging goal is to improve early detection and localization of cancer. Furthermore, multimodal imaging enables to identify more than one molecule at a time, so the progression of these events can be followed in real-time.
Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy plays the truly major role in management of cardiovascular disease across its whole spectrum. Drug therapy results in life-prolonging interference in various cardiovascular conditions and raise the life expectancy level, as a result of its role in the increase of other debilitating symptoms. Different cardiovascular agents are available to treat different cardiovascular conditions. There are nearly 6 associations and societies and 50 universities that work on cardiac medications. Of them the main association for cardiology medical agents is in US. There are several cardiovascular drugs available in the market that include cardiac glycosides, anticoagulants, antiarrhythmic agents, anti anginal agents and antihypertensive agents.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive test used in radiology. This uses a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to investigate the anatomy and physiology of the body in both health and disease to create detailed pictures of organs and structures. It is used to examine your heart and blood vessels, and to identify the heart problems such as coronary heart disease, heart valve problems, pericarditis, cardiac tumors, and the areas of brain damaged by stroke. Sometimes Magnetic resonance imaging is also called nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. This technique is generally used in hospitals for medical diagnosis, staging of disease and forside effect without exposure to ionizing radiation.
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a procedure used to improve poor blood flow to the heart. It's may be needed to when the arteries supplying blood to heart tissue, called coronary arteries, are narrowed or blocked. This surgery may lower the risk of major complications for people who have obstructive coronary artery disease, a type of ischemic heart disease. CABG may also be used in an emergency, like severe heart attack. CAD is caused by a build-up about fatty material in the walls of the arteries. This develop narrows the inside of the arteries, define the outcome of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Your doctor add the graft one end is blockage above and another end is blockage below. Blood bypasses the blockage by going away through the new graft to reach the heart muscle. This is called coronary artery bypass surgery.
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Single bypass. (Only one artery is blocked)
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Double bypass. (Two arteries are blocked)
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Triple bypass. (Three arteries are blocked)
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Quadruple bypass. (Four arteries are blocked)
Cardiac nursing is a nursing specialty that works with patients who suffer from different conditions of the cardiovascular system .They care for critically ill patients, as well as those improving from cardiac procedures such as bypass, angioplasty, or pacemaker surgery. Cardiovascular nurses can also help patients recover at home. Monitoring cardiac and vascular readings. Cardiac nurses help treat conditions like unstable angina, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction and cardiac dysrhythmia under the guiedance of a cardiologist. Cardiac nurses do postoperative care on a surgical unit, stress test evaluations, cardiac monitoring, vascular monitoring, and health assessments. Cardiac nurses must have Basic Life Support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support approval. In addition, cardiac nurses must maintain specialized skills including electrocardiogram monitoring, defibrillation, and medication administration by continuous intravenous drip. Cardiac nurses work in many different environments, including coronary care units (CCU), cardiac catheterization, intensive care units (ICU), operating theatres, cardiac rehabilitation centers, clinical research and cardiac medical wards.
Geriatric cardiology is a division of cardiology and geriatric medicine that acts with the cardiovascular disorders in elderly people. Cardiac disorders such as coronary heart disease, along with myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, are common and are a major cause of mortality in elderly people. Vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease cause expressing morbidity and mortality in aged people.
A medication is a drug its used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. If you've had a heart attack, you will most likely be prescriptive medication that you will take for the rest of your life. There are many types and combinations of drugs used to treat heart problems. They are Benazepri (Lotensin), Captopril (Capoten), Enalapril (Vasotec), Fosinopril (Monopril), Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), Moexipril (Univasc), Perindopril (Aceon), Quinapril (Accupril). Cardiac devices are a mainstay in deal with cardiac diseases and preventing sudden cardiac death. There are several types of these devices,
An arrhythmia define an irregular heartbeat. In this condition a person’s heart may beat too quickly, too slowly, too early, or with an irregular rhythm. The mean resting heart rate is very higher in Women, a longer QT interval, a shorter QRS duration, and a lower QRS voltage is very high in compare to the men. Women have a higher prevalence of sick sinus syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, idiopathic right ventricular tachycardia, and arrhythmic events in the long-QT syndrome. The men have a higher prevalence of atrioventricular block, carotid sinus syndrome, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia due to accessory pathways and the Brugada syndrome.
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Atrial fibrillation
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Atrial flutter
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Supravntricular the tachycardia
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Ventricular tachycardia
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Ventricular fibrillation
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Long Q syndrome
Cardiology deals with the scientific studies on different types of anomalies related to heart as well as circulatory system. The aim of cardiological studies covers the diagnosis and treatment of heart disordes, which includes coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, congenital defects, heart failure etc. The specialists in the field of Cardiology are called cardiologists. There are two types of cardiologists particularly, adult cardiologists, they are adequately trained to treat adults and another type is paediatric cardiologists, they are trained to treat children. However, both types of physicians are accept the immense importance in both clinical and experimental studies, which they publish in the form of case report. Such case report specify and provides a detail insight into disorders related to heart and thereby, contributes a landmark guidance for other cardiologists, it helps to determine more safe and secure cardiological therapeutics.
Cardio-oncology is a new term describe the efforts to treat patients who face heart problems causes by cancer treatments. Although many cancer patients also have health conditions related to lung disease, infections or kidney disease, the rise of cardiac diseases in these patients has led to the development of this new filed. Cardio-Oncology associate cancer doctors (Oncologists), cardiologists and researchers. New therapies are serving patients live longer, but that means they also need ongoing cancer treatments that may damage their hearts. Many of these survivors are risk for heart disease and now will live long enough after their cancer treatments to expand heart disease. In addition, some cancer medications also may damage the heart.
High blood pressure spoiled the arteries throughout the body, increase the conditions where they can burst more quickly. The resulting from high blood pressure is weakened arteries in brain, put you to have a higher risk for stroke. It is why managing high blood pressure is critical to lower chance of having a stroke. A stroke occurs when a blood vessel to the brain is either blocked by a clot (ischemic stroke) or bursts is (hemorrhagic stroke). When that happens, part of the brain is no longer getting the blood and oxygen it requires, so it starts to die. Your movements and thoughts controls your brain, so a stroke doesn't only hurt your brain. It can treaten your capability to think, move and function. Strokes can affect language, memory and vision. Severe strokes may even cause paralysis or death.
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Ischaemic
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Intracebral
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Subarachnoid haemorrhage
Obesity can changes the structure and function of the heart. It increases your risk of heart disease. You have a more weight the more blood you have flowing through your body. The heart has to work difficult to pump the extra blood . it can cause your blood pressure to high. Obese individuals need more blood to supply oxygen and nutrients to their bodies which causes an increase in blood pressure. Your body is require more pressure to move this blood around. High blood pressure is also routine cause of heart attack, which are sadly more common for obese individuals. It can also change your cholesterol level. Every one knows obesity can cause a spike in bad cholesterol and triglyceride level, but you know it can also lower good High density lipoproteins(HDL) is important for removing bad cholesterol and working to reduce the risk for heart disease.
Sports cardiology is a new field that encompasses the care of athletes and active individuals with known or previously undiagnosed cardiovascular conditions. It organize many aspects of cardiology, such as cardiac imaging, electrophysiology, structural heart disease and exercise physiology. As such, a overall sports cardiology program should include physicians with specific knowledge within these fields. The sports cardiology team should add those with expertise in the pediatric heart, especially congenital heart disease and inherited diseases, cardiovascular imagers, electrophysiologists, heart failure specialists and exercise physiologists. These specialists must come together to make comprehensive assessments and recommendations for athletes. The sports cardiology team will help athletes make informed decisions to allow them to safely and capably participate in sport.
A veterinary cardiologist is a specialist that has leading training in the heart and circulatory system. To become a board certified veterinary cardiologist a veterinarian usually completes a one year internship followed by major specialized training in an accepted residency training program (usually 3-5 years). Most of the veterinary cardiologists work with small animals; however, some specialize in large animals including horses and cattle. Board certified veterinary cardiologists are an complete part of your animal’s health care team from the time they noted a potential cardiac abnormality. Early diagnosis and applicable therapy of cardiac conditions service your animals live a longer and healthier life.
Compared with adults, cardiac emergencies are general in children and clinical presentation is often quite variable. In adults, cardiac emergencies are most generally related to complications of coronary artery disease. In pediatric cases, the coronaries are only hardly the underlying problem. Pediatric cardiac emergencies contain a range of pathology including but not limited to undiagnosed congenital heart disease in the children. The emergency room physician and pediatric intensivist will mostly be the first and second lines of care for pediatric cardiac emergencies and thus it is compulsory that they have knowledge of the diverse shows of cardiac disease in order to develop the likelihood of delivering early appropriate therapy and referral.
The concept of public health management provides a unifying focus. It centers on the mobilization of society's resources, including those of the health service sector, to develop the health of populations through whatever means is most appropriate. Public health is suffered from the tension between knowledge and action. Healthcare management, also assign to as healthcare administration, is the administration, management or oversight of healthcare systems, public health systems, hospitals, entire hospital networks or other medical facilities. Duties of these professionals have ensuring that individual departments run smoothly, qualified employees are hired, information is advertise efficiently throughout the organization, specific outcomes are reached and resources are used efficiently, among many other responsibilities
The consensus now is that adult stem cells have modest, if any, advantage to cardiac function. Research shows that pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes can design beating human heart muscle cells that both release the required signals and replace muscle lost to heart attack. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death with very limited therapeutic option in the developed countries. A major cause lies in the very restricted regenerative scope of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes post injury – therefore novel approaches toward cardiac regenerative therapy is highly desired. Following injury oft he myocardium, resident cardiac fibroblasts, defining over 50% of the cells in the heart, start to proliferate and produce extracellular matrix, which will ultimately leads to fibrosis and heart failure. A large number of preclinical and clinical trials have defined stem cell therapy to be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
The preventive cardiology and rehabilitation section offering the services to patients with cardiovascular disease and those who have a high risk of developing it. Individualized programs are designed to reduce risk factors and avoid disease from getting worse. The specialists from many areas to offer nutritional services, prescriptive exercise programs, stress testing, cardiovascular disease risk-reduction programs and a peripheral vascular rehabilitation program. The Cardiac Health Improvement and Rehabilitation Program was established in 1985. The program helps advertise health and wellness for patients with cardiac and vascular disease while they are in hospital, during their recovery and throughout their lives.
Interventional cardiology is a branch of cardiology that deals especially with the catheter based treatment of structural heart diseases. Andreas Gruentzing is called the father of interventional cardiology after the development of angioplasty by interventional radiologist Charles dotter. Many procedures can be do on the heart by catheterization. This most regularly involves the insertion of a sheath into the femoral artery (but, in practice, any large peripheral artery or vein) and cannulating the heart under X-ray visualization (most commonly fluoroscopy ).
Artificial intelligence (AI) applying machine learning techniques will change healthcare as we know it. While healthcare AI applications are currently trailing behind famous AI applications, such as personalized web-based promotions, the pace of research and formation is picking up and about to become disruptive. Cardiac imaging and imaging of other body parts is likely to be at the edge for the improvement of applications as pattern recognition and machine learning are a powerful power of AI with practical links to image processing. Many events in cardiac imaging exist where AI will impact patients, medical staff, hospitals, commissioners and thus, the entire healthcare system.
